Data analysis and write the result chapter

APPENDIX 1

Section I: Definition and overview of COPD.

Please answer the following questions:

1.COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease due to noxious particles or gases and is characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is fully reversible.

True        False

3.Smokers are the only people who may develop chronic airflow limitations.

True False

4.COPD is a common preventable and treatable disease.

True False

5.If optimal care is provided, lung function does not decline over time.

True False

6.COPD is not reversible either spontaneously or with treatment.

TrueFalse

7. COPD exacerbations are commonly caused by Klebsiella and Pseudomonas infection.

True False

8. 8. What is not a risk factor for COPD? (Please tick all of the boxes that apply)

• Passive tobacco smoke
• Occupational dusts, organic and inorganic
• Indoor air pollution from heating and cooking with biomass
• Outdoor air pollution
• Sex and age
• Rhinitis
• Low socio-economic status and poor nutrition orAsthma

Section 2: Diagnosis and assessment of COPD.

Please answer the following questions:

9.A clinical diagnosis of COPD should be considered in any patient who has dyspnoea,chronic cough or sputum production, and a history of exposure to risk factors for thedisease.

Truefalse

10.Chronic cough or sputum expectoration is always diagnostic of COPD.

True false

11.Spirometry is required to confirm the diagnosis of COPD.

Truefalse

12.Patients physical signs like hyperinflation and abnormal chest radiograph can help toconfirm the diagnosis of COPD.

Truefalse

13.Arterial blood gas measurements are routinely required in COPD diagnosis.

Truefalse

14.Measurement of lung volume is recommended during an exacerbation to determine the severity of the illness.

True   false

15.Which of the following data sets is most diagnostic of COPD as a primary diagnosis? (Each FEV₁, FCV, and Post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FCV values is % predicted, respectively).

FEV₁FVC              Post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FCV

• 80 85           78
• 65 70           64
• 6967 80
• 5080 75

 

16.A 65-year old lorry driver has been coughing more frequently over the last 3 years, and this has been associated with sputum expectoration. He has a smoking history of 25 pack-years. The FEV1/FVC ratio was <70% and FEV1 was 55%. In which group of COPD would you classify this patient?

• Group A: Mild
• Group B: Moderate
• Group C: Severe
• Group D: Very severe

17.In an adult aged below 45 years, screening for one of the following is helpful in the diagnosis of COPD?

• Alpha anti-trypsin deficiency
• Cigarette smoking
• Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO)
• Rheumatoid factor

Section 3: Principles of therapy of stable COPD.Please answer the following:

18.Dry powder inhalers (DPI) requires higher inspiratory flow rates than metered dose inhalers (MDI).

• True
• False

19.The use of a spacer (holding chamber) improves drug delivery, increases lungdeposition, and may reduce local and systemic side effects.

• True
• false

20.In patients with COPD who smoke, smoking cessation is essential.

• True
• False

21.Which of the following is not a goal of COPD treatment?

• Relieve symptoms
• Prevent disease progression
• Improve exercise tolerance
• Control or cure the disease 
• Prevent and treat complications and exacerbations

Section 4: Pharmacotherapy of stable COPD and acute exacerbation. Please answer the following questions:

22.Inhaled long-acting inhaled B2-agonists are more effective and convenient than short acting B2-agonists in stable COPD.

• True
• False

23.Long-acting inhaled B2-agonists should be used as monotherapy in COPD, as these medications appear to influence the airway inflammation.

• True
• False

24.Low–dose theophylline is weaker and less effective than a low dose of inhaledglucocorticoid in reducing the long-term decline in lung function.

• True
• False

25.Inhaled short-acting B2-agonist is the preferred bronchodilator of choice for acuteexacerbation of COPD.

• True
• False

 

26.Antibiotics are not routinely required unless there are signs of pneumonia or purulent and increased sputum production if the patient is on a mechanical ventilator.

• True
• False

27.Which of the following medications is recommended for stable COPD?

• Mucolytics
• Cough syrups
• Antibiotics
• Vitamins E and C
• None of the above

28.Prolonged inhaledglucocorticosteroidare recommended for COPD patients in which grade?

• GroupA: Mild
• Group B: Moderate
• Group C: Severe
• Group D: Very severe
• Group A: Mild and Group B: Moderate
• Group C: Severe and GroupD: Very severe 

Section 5: Non-pharmacotherapy of stable COPD and acute exacerbation.Please answer the following questions:

29.It is recommended to give vaccinations to all COPD patients.

• True
• False

30.Pulmonary rehabilitation is indicated only for patients with COPD in GroupC: Severe and GroupD: Very severe.

• True
• False

31.Pulmonary rehabilitation is a recommended treatment option in COPD.

• True
• False

32.Surgery is often beneficial in COPD patients.

• True
• False

33. 33. 100% O2 (7–10 l/min) is required for hypoxia in acute exacerbations of COPD.

• True
• False

34.A Venturi mask is not more effective than a nasal prong/canula in delivering controlled oxygen in COPD.

• True
• False

35.Long-term O₂ therapy is indicated in COPD except for:

• SaO2 <88 or PaO2 <55 mmhg + hypercapnia
• SaO2 <88 or PaO2 <55 mmhg + pulmonary hypertension, PCV (premature ventricular contraction) > 55%
• Peripheral oedema and right ventricular failure
• FEV₁= 70% predicted 

36.An optimal pulmonary rehabilitation program should include:

• Exercise only
• Education only
• Exercise and education
• None of the above

Section 6: Prevention of COPD and comorbidity. Please answer the following questions:

37.Avoiding or controlling the risk factors after the development of COPD isnot necessary.

• True
• False

38.Tobacco cessation therapy does not have a significant role in the management of COPD once the lung is damaged.

• True
• False

Section 7: Barriers to adherence to guidelines.Please answer the following questions:

39.Which of the following barriers are main causes preventing you from adhering to the COPD protocols or guidelines? (Please tick all of the boxes that apply).

• Disagree with the recommendations of guideline
• Lack of awareness
• Lack of familiarity of its recommendations
• Lack of educational material/support
• Lack of time O Lengthy and difficult to remember
• Lack of equipment and resources (spirometry, cessation expert)
• Believe patients cannot adhere to guideline recommendations
• Believe guidelines will not improve the outcome of COPD
• Lack of motivation and poor dissemination by physician to colleagues
• Others: pleasespecify___________________________________________________

 

Section 8: Diagnosis and assessment

40.Which statement regarding guidelines/recommendations for the use of diagnosis andthe assessment of COPD do you agree with most?

• I am not familiar with these recommendations.
• I intend to use these recommendations, but I am not confident about using them.
• I intend to use these recommendations in the next month.
• I have recently used these recommendations.
• I have been using these recommendations for the past 6 months and intend to keep using them.

41. My confidence re implementing diagnosis and assessment accordingto guidelines/recommendations at the moment is: (please circle the number)

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Not confident at all                                                                 Extremely confident

 

 

 

Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes toward COPD; Survey

Hospital name/ City: _____________________________________________________

Education level: ____________________________________________________________

Sex:       Male                               Female

Number of years of COPD patient-related experience: ____________________________